Researchers at the University of California, Riverside have published new findings on how orthonairoviruses — a family of tick-borne pathogens — suppress the human immune system, raising concerns about their pandemic potential.

The study, led by biomedical scientist Scott Pegan, examines viral proteins called OTUs that interfere with the cellular communication pathways the body relies on to fight infection. “The virus uses these proteins to disarm the body’s immune defenses at multiple stages, making it easier for the infection to take hold,” Pegan said.

The research identifies Pacific Coast ticks as a potential vector for human exposure to these viruses. “Our work demonstrates that one of the Pacific Coast tick orthonairovirus mechanisms used to suppress host immunity is highly compatible with humans,” Pegan noted.

The findings underscore the importance of pandemic preparedness. “The rapid identification of human-infecting orthonairoviruses and related viruses, combined with their ability to evolve and bypass human immune defenses, underscores the significant pandemic potential,” Pegan concluded.

The research was funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and the National Institute of General Medical Sciences.

Journal: ACS Infectious Diseases
DOI: 10.1021/acsinfecdis.6c00320
Article Title: “Insights into the Structure and Function of the OTU Protease Virulence Factors from Emerging Human Nairoviruses”
Publication Date: July 14, 2026

Source: EurekAlert