Breastfeeding is widely recognized for supporting early childhood growth and immune system development. Previous research indicated that exclusive breastfeeding for 4 to 6 months reduces the risk of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinitis during early childhood, leading the World Health Organization to recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first six months. However, the relationship between breastfeeding and food allergies has remained unclear.
Researchers at the University of Toyama, led by Professor Emeritus Hidekuni Inadera, examined data from 88,037 mother-infant pairs followed from birth through age 6. The team analyzed associations between feeding patterns during the first six months and allergic disease development, categorizing infants as exclusively formula-fed, breastfed for less than six months, partially breastfed for six months, or exclusively breastfed for six months.
The analysis revealed nuanced findings. Children exclusively breastfed for six months showed lower prevalence of bronchial asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. However, this same group demonstrated higher prevalence of food allergy—particularly among males—and atopic dermatitis.
“Beneficial associations of breastfeeding were observed for bronchial asthma and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, while adverse associations were detected for food allergy, particularly in male infants,” the researchers reported.
The researchers suggest introducing common allergens between 4 and 6 months may help develop immune tolerance. Prof. Inadera notes that current guidelines recommend solid food introduction between 4 and 6 months while breastfeeding continues.
Journal: BMC Pediatrics
DOI: 10.1186/s12887-026-06864-w
Publication Date: April 21, 2026
Source: EurekAlert